Definition of Cup Measurement
Cup measurement is a volume measurement used in cooking and baking. It tells you how much space an ingredient fills, not how much it weighs.
That distinction is important because one cup of flour does not weigh the same as one cup of sugar, oats, or butter. The cup amount stays the same, but the ingredient weight changes with density.
Cup measurement also depends on the system being used. A US customary cup, US legal cup, and metric cup are close, but they are not identical, so recipes should be read with the right standard in mind.